Declining Fish Stock: over-Fishing the World’s Oceans

The world’s oceanic large fish populations are disappearing at an alarming rate and extinction is a growing concern. An estimated 90% are already gone and the situation will continue to get worse if drastic measures are not taken (University of Phoenix, 2007). Even though the fishing industry will suffer, conservation methods should be developed and enforced soon because large fish populations are endangered and their habitats are being destroyed. Various netting techniques not only deplete fish populations, but also destroy habitats for many of the ocean’s species including plants and animals.Growing world populations and commercial fishing have placed an overwhelming demand on the oceans. Drastic steps should be taken soon to allow fish populations to regenerate and to sustain the numbers necessary to maintain the oceans’ natural balance, and to feed the world’s growing human population. Steps should include conservation methods enforced by the United St ates (U. S. ) government, development of massive fish farms, and cooperation from other countries world-wide. Implementation of such measures will require active efforts from several organizations.According to Jeremy Jackson of the Scripps Institute of Oceanography, the damage to the ocean is almost complete but can be reversed (Wiley, 2000-2009). In an effort to bring this issue to the forefront and gain support, a plan must be devised and presented to key groups. In developing the plan, certain action items must be developed and completed prior to presentation to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The NOAA and EPA are strong influences on governmental policy and the public.Action Item One Within nine months, research regarding the effects of over-fishing large fish populations in the world’s oceans will be conducted. Endangered species and habitats will be identified. Research facts and concerns regardin g the current impact on the environment and effects of the continuation of practices will be documented. Commercial fishing techniques and their impact on fish populations and habitats will be outlined, along with other statists related to marketplace demands and commercial fishing industry economics.Research will also include conservation and sustainment statistics and other information to support new and innovative ideas regarding fish farming. Environmental issues related to fish farming will also be identified and addressed. Locations for fish farms and the resources needed will be detailed along with funding issues. Fishing industries and human populations that will be most impacted by the plan will also be identified. Action Item Two Within three months following the completion of the research portion of the plan, a presentation will be developed.The presentation will include the purpose of the presentation and the urgent need for action will be explained. The purpose of the p resentation is to urge the NOAA and EPA to develop and implement the Healthy Oceans Act to improve and sustain the oceans. According to the Natural Resources Defense Council, â€Å"A Healthy Oceans Act would provide a national vision for protecting, maintaining and restoring oceans while encouraging the development and implementation of local ocean plans†, (para. 10, n. d. ).Continuation of current practices and the lack of conservation efforts will result in devastating consequences. Industry changes will be addressed along with a plan for displaced workers. As part of the plan for fish farming, fisherman can be educated and relocated to areas where fish farms are developed and maintained. Fish farms will aid in marine repopulation efforts, provide jobs for displaced fishermen, and provide an alternative food source. Arnold (2009) states, â€Å"Some scientists say the answer is a massive growth of fish farming — a so-called â€Å"blue revolution† to help feed the planet† (para 2).Action Item Three In tandem with action item two, this action item will also be conducted due to the length of time it will take to pull together the target audience for viewing of the presentation and will be ongoing up to the scheduled date. The target audience includes key individuals from the NOAA, EPA, and various other environmental organizations in the U. S. These organizations are influential in Oceanic environmental issues, have much influence in local and global policies, and have far-reaching educational programs already in place. Action Item FourIn month nine or when the date is set with NOAA and the EPA, informational packets and invitations will be created and distributed to key environmentalists to persuade them to attend. Names of key environmentalists will be identified and invitations sent through month 12. The addition of key individuals will serve two purposes. The first purpose is that they will bring to the meeting their experiences w ith local issues, financial concerns, and objections. The second reason is that they will be able to contribute their own ideas of how the implement the plan and what will work best in their areas.Action Item Five Prior to the meeting date, attendance and the location of the meeting will be confirmed. Reminders will be sent to all attendees along with pertinent information. Equipment will be assessed and the presentation completed. Objections to the plan will be anticipated and addressed in a question and answer session. Perception of the Plan and Effects The plan will include specific recommendations for placing at least 40% of the oceans off limits for the next 15 years (Natural Resources Defense Council, n. d. ). After 15 years the off limits zones will decrease to 30% and be maintained indefinitely.Environmentalists will see the necessity of the plan based upon the decreasing fish populations and degradation of habitats for other marine plants and animals. They will also be conc erned about pollution generated by fish farms. Innovative ideas regarding the reduction of pollution will be presented. Commercial fishermen will be hurt the most and objections from industry fishermen will be strong. Fishermen have spent their lives fishing and with that in mind, opportunities for training, funding, and employment will be made available.Other Problems Caused by Commercial Fishing Commercial fisherman cause other problems to the marine populations by the way they catch fish. They catch many other animals unintentionally in their nets called â€Å"bycatch† (University of Phoenix, 2007). Additionally, they destroy many habitats by net-dragging and contribute to water pollution during their processes. Laws should be developed and enforced regarding bycatch and what should be done with the unintentional catch before they are destroyed in the process. Community EffectsThe creation of underwater parks or fish farms will create more jobs in coastal communities and f or displaced fishermen. Lifestyles changes will affect fishermen the most and perhaps they will realize a financial loss on expensive equipment. Additionally, many of the areas where their fishing has been successful will be made off limits which will also cause financial losses.?University of Phoenix. (2007). Declining Fish Stock VLR. Retrieved October 10, 2009, from University of Phoenix, Week Six, SCI/275 – Water Resource Plan.John Wiley ; Sons, Inc. (2000-2009). Visualizing Environmental Science, Chapter 11. Retrieved October 10, 2009, from University of Phoenix, Week Six, SCI/275 – Water Resource Plan. Arnold, Chris. (2009). Feeding the World with Deep-Sea Fish Farms. NPR. Retrieved October 10, 2009, from http://www. npr. org/templates/story/story. php? storyId=5291579Natural Resources Defense Council. (n. d. ). Reviving Our Oceans. Retrieved October 10, 2009, from http://www. nrdc. org/water/oceans/policy. asp

Preventative methods of animal cruelty Essay

Purpose By the end of this speech the audience will be able to know the proper preventative methods of animal cruelty, I also want my audience to know that animal cruelty is wrong and it shouldn’t be tolerated in any form. Introduction How many of you have pets? And how many of you would do anything for them? As seen in a recent study (according to animalcrueltyfacts.net in the year of 2011) 13% of intentional animal abuse cases involve domestic violence, also between 25% and 40% of battered women are unable to escape abusive situations because they worry about what will happen to their pets or livestock if they leave. In saying this animal abuse goes hand in hand with domestic abuse. Animal abuse is similar to domestic abuse because they both have the ability for the batterers to show the power and control that they have over their victims. (animalcruelty.net) Previous research indicates that batterers often threaten or harm pets in order to intimidate and control their female partners. Transition/first point: different types of abuse whether Animal abuse can be either passive or active. (animalcrueltyfact.org) When a person omits responsibility towards an animal is an example of passive abuse, while active abuse requires inflicting pain such as choking. This can be brought back to the comparison of animal abuse and domestic abuse, an example of passive abuse in regards to domestic abuse can be name calling swearing or making the victim feel little or like they don’t exist. An example of active abuse is physical violence such as hitting a spouse. Transition/ Second point: Animals have personalities and feelings like humans Darwin once stated â€Å"emotions exist in non-human animals, and his evolutionary theory suggests that behavioral traits, including personality, can evolve in just the same way as fins, wings and arms,† he said. â€Å"We should realize that studying the personality of animals could help us understand a lot about human personality.† (utexas.edu) Although many people don’t believe it animals have feelings just like humans. They can feel pain and go through emotional distress. When an animal is mistreated and being abused they feel the same pain a person would if they were in the same situation. Transition/ Third point: Laws that can be passed or that are passed already Laws are passed in all 50 states that prevent abuse towards both animals and humans. Anti-cruelty laws exist in all U.S states and territories to prohibit unnecessary killing, mutilating, torturing, beating, neglecting the abandonment of animals or depriving them of proper food, water or shelter. (americanhumane.org) But these laws will never be enough. If you are in a situation in which you are confronted with animal or domestic abuse call your local police department or anyone that can help your specific situation. Conclusion I will conclude my speech by saying that animal abuse, domestic abuse, or that any kind of abuse is wrong. Animals are innocent creatures that do not have a voice of their own so why should they be mistreated? They are suffering in silence because they don’t have a voice. People need to come to the realization that animals need and deserve as much respect as any other creature, and until people start speaking up about cruelty towards animals or humans they will never be free of the cruel acts that are imprisoning them. Works cited * Jennifer , Robbins. â€Å"domestic violence and animal abuse .† Texas journal of women and law . 2006: 129-146. Web. 16 Dec. 2012. . * www.animalcruelty.net * emily , suthertin. â€Å"Animal cruelty:facts,prevention,statistics,and action .† now public. N.p., 2012. Web. Web. 16 Dec. 2012. . * Faver, Catherine A, and alonzo

Artificial Intelligences beneficial impact on economy, education and healthcare

Artificial Intelligence's beneficial impact on economy, education and healthcare Artificial intelligence (AI) continues to prove to have a beneficial and fast-paced impact on education, healthcare, and economy. The measure of the impact artificial intelligence will have on the global economy is bolstered by its successful application into industries. As researchers continue to develop the efficiency and reliability of AI, the application of AI into industries will grow exponentially; therefore, the impact could be incalculable. Desjardins states, â€Å"By 2030, AI is expected to provide a $15.7 trillion boost to GDP worldwide- the equivalent of adding 13 new Australia’s to the global economy†. A boost of this size indicates that vast technological advancements are expected to be made as well. This will create benefits aside from the monetary value. Increased trade between countries will result, which will lead to specialization and competition. A healthy competition between industries encourages innovation as they compete for the consumers’ dollar, and innovation is the heart of technology. The economic boost improves and supports international relations as well. The ef ficiency of AI can impact many parts of the economy such as manufacturing. Rather than humans occupying the jobs, machines are more consistent, reliable, and productive. Lohr presents â€Å"a series of charts and graphs that track AI- related trends over time. They include measures like the rate of improvement in image identification and speech recognition, as well as start- up activity and job openings†. Not only does AI create beneficial developments in economy, but as well as image identification and speech recognition. It also promotes entrepreneurship and new jobs. Therefore, rumors of replacing medical jobs in the future are no longer needed. AI has shown some improvement in healthcare, but researchers say the possibilities of a greater healthcare system with AI involved. Pearl states that â€Å"[u]sing consensus algorithms from experts in the field, along with the data that oncologists enter into a medical record, a computer can review dozens, sometimes hundreds, of established treatment alternatives and recommend the most appropriate combination of chemotherapy drugs for a patient†. Having various ways to cure a patient helps improves the chance of the medicine curing the patient. It can improve the quality of care and STOP. He clarifies, â€Å"Visual pattern recognition software is estimated to be 5% to 10% more accurate than the average physician†. AI has shown a great impact on education and will continue to do so. Bernard states, â€Å"The Navy reported that the students who had worked with the digital tutor made enormous strides in their education, and that they consistently rested higher than students who had studied without the program’s benefit†. Using technology in the classroom hugely impacts on an individual student’s grade and as well as the classroom in a whole. Dickson indicates how â€Å"AI can also help take part in learner groups as a member and help sway discussions in the right direction by providing content, posing questions and providing alternative viewpoints†. Helping students learn beyond one aspect of a discussion can improve students’ education.

Questions answer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Questions answer - Essay Example In addition, the European press always presented war in a romantic analogy. Diplomacy was mainly tied to alliance systems between the central and the allied powers. The Central Powers comprised of Germany, Italy and Austro-Hungary while the allies included France, Britain and Russia (Shaara 8). In fact, according to the print media, warfare was a matter of nationalistic pride. This war was also facilitated by the ignorant nature of the citizens and their apathetic nature to foreign affairs. Additionally, the assassination of Franz Ferdinand beefed up the war in Europe. The assassination of Franz Ferdinand in the summer of 1914 led to the outbreak of the war which involved a Bosnian terrorist who was seeking Bosnian independence. In this period, the Europeans were eager to experience the war. Some of them were even willing to risk their life by fighting in the war. This is because most of the youths and students inculcated the spirit of patriotism and devotion to the state. There are some prominent individuals who influenced the citizens substantially in believing that the war encouraged togetherness in the country (Shaara 9). Question #2 In the 1920s, there was a great reaction in the world which was caused by the wars in the world. The Great War is also known as World War I. According to most individuals, the Great War was a unique war because it involved several countries. Further analysis also depicts that the Great War involved huge life losses. Approximately 10 million men were killed. In fact, the Great War differed from the expectations of the generals and the majority of the Europeans. Most individuals thought that the war would last a single winter. However, the war lasted for four years. The main reason why the Great War differed so much from the expectations of the generals and the Europeans was because; both the military and diplomatic plans of the political leaders had failed in Europe (Shaara 18). In addition, the technological innovations had cha nged the warfare at the battlefield. In this period, the introduction of machine guns, battleships and airplanes significantly affected the war both at sea and on land. The machine guns favored most of the defense schemes employed by countries. The airplanes were mostly utilized for the survey but, bombs were not used in the war. The main warfare took place in Northern France, Southeastern Europe and Russia. In these areas, most of the people who were killed were the men. This is because the individuals in the warzone were not able to predict the extensiveness of the war. This war also created a gulf between military and civilian populations (Shaara 10). Question #3 Total war was a military quarrel whereby numerous countries mobilized all the available resources in order to destroy the ability of other nations to participate in war. This practice of total war was significantly utilized in the 19th century. Total war was also recognized as a separate class of warfare. Research assert s that total war was mainly caused by industrialization. It is quite prevalent that World War I influenced the birth of total war in the industrial age. During this period, soldiers faced each other in battlegrounds that had become extremely lethal due to the advancement in warfare machinery. There was no war witnessed in history such as the First World War. The main reason why this war was significant as opposed to other wars was because it had a long-term effect on the industrial revolution. According to various

Global politics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Global politics - Assignment Example These two chapters discuss the roles of non governmental organizations and trade blocs and how they effect foreign policy of a state. To give a very upstream view, the way these two perspectives effect the foreign policy of a state are quiet different. NGOs influence the policies of a state by manoeuvrings support against the government through lobbyists and pressure groups. Other then that, they often use their international presence to raise their voice against issues. Trade blocs on the other hand come into play by simply threatening to restrict supply. They get their work done by pressuring a government economically. Throughout the years Canada has followed a foreign policy which has been conducted in collaboration and through multilateral processes and institutions. How the government has supported multilateralism institutions clearly succeeds other considerations that have effected and shaped the interests of the Canadian foreign policy. How the government of Canada has supported NATO in the Iraq war also clearly demonstrates its commitment towards multilateralism in its foreign policy. Initially, the Canadian public opposed to support military action against Iraq by its allies, the US and the UK. However, being a part of NATO, the Canadian government would have to allow its troops to work with the UK if the UN Security Council gave a green signal for the war. And thats what eventually happened. This simply explains how much role multilateralism plays in the Canadian foreign policy. Many facts can be attributed to the failure of the League of Nations in the 1930s. Lets consider the main ones here. To start off not all major countries joined the League of Nations. USA never ever really joined the league. What the league lacked was membership of powerful states, which never really happened. Lastly and most majorly, the League failed to control aggression by major powers. At this point in time countries like

Is It Necessary for Nurses to Have High Education Essay

Is It Necessary for Nurses to Have High Education - Essay Example Healthcare is a sensitive field because of its direct impact on the life of an individual. Since nurses deal with the life of individuals, it is essential for them to be equipped with the relevant skills, knowledge and expertise. Indeed, it is necessary for nurses to have higher education. From the point of the level of skills and education, there are four distinct types of nursing. These include licensed practical nursing, registered nursing, bachelor degree nursing and PhD nursing. Also called licensed vocational nurses, licensed practical nurses are supervised by the registered nurses and perform mainly bedside care duties (Perrin 72). Registered nurses on the other hand perform administrative duties, provide direct patient care and carry out the treatments that are prescribed by the physicians (Mander, 41). Bachelor degree nurses hold degrees in nursing and have a chance to pursue higher education at master or doctorate level. Finally, PhD nurses hold a doctorate philosophy in Nu rsing and have essential knowledge regarding nursing discipline and clinical research. In most cases, these assume the topmost leadership positions in institutions. Nurses that are interested in pursuing higher education have the preceding options to further this good. Attaining higher education in nursing is important for various reasons. ... This knowledge is requisite for enabling them to work efficiently and with utmost ease. Specifically, it helps them to exercise creative and critical thought especially when dealing with emergency health problems. This is instrumental in enhancing their performance with respect to saving lives and improving the health and general wellbeing of the patients. Notably, relative skills can only be attained at a higher education level. For this reason, nurses need to further higher education. According to Kelley and Marthaler, the complexity of the concept of hospital care has increased significantly (Kelley and Marthaler, 62). An interview with the Health Department Head of the University of Hawaii ascertains that the health problems that are currently experienced are very complex (Watson 623). Patients are not only sicker but they are also frailer and susceptible to death. As such, relative institutions have been compelled to employ more sophisticated machinery to handle sensitive cases and help save lives. In this respect, it should be appreciated that technological advances are very dynamic and effective use of technology requires that an individual be well informed about these changes. Relevant knowledge can only be attained through higher education. Therefore, nurses have limited options in this regard; they can only enhance their wellbeing and overall performance through higher education. This is vital in enabling them to achieve their primary goals with respect to provide quality healthcare. Statistical evidence indicates that most health care institutions are focusing on multidisciplinary care teams (Benner, Sutphen and Day 51). This approach is desirable as it enables the institutions to provide services that are of very high

Outline the advantages and disadvantages of formally appraising Essay

Outline the advantages and disadvantages of formally appraising employees systems and assess the overall value of appraisals - Essay Example , without a formal structured system of appraisal as well as evaluation, employees will instill judgments on their fellow colleagues, supervisors, subordinates and peers informally and arbitrarily. This ability to make judgments, without following the correct procedure, may create ethical, legal and motivational problems within the organization. Alternatively, a formal appraisal system provides structured guidelines that are lawful, valid, reliable and defensible (Starcher, 2006). Smith (2006) and Bernardin & Beatty, (2009)point out that performance appraisal in an organization is a complex and challenging process. Usually, most managers do not acknowledge, but the fact remains it is an inevitable component within the management and supervisory process. Generally, workers will be judged on their performance, irrespective of whether or not they are under a formal appraisal system. After all, this is the nature of human beings to judge others. Because several of these uninformed, informal judgments will be flawed, there is need for formal appraisal system so as to reduce the possibilities of making judgments about others (Landy & Farr, 2003). This will benefit the organization and promote employee’s performance. Performance appraisal is an efficient source of information in an organization. Appraising employees’ systems ensures that the overall performances of the organization are focused to attaining the set goals (Grote & Grote, 2002). The views and reviews from the system include but not limited to questions like, ‘how will the organization attain its goals and what it will contribute?’ The results of the performance appraisal may lead to overall improvements of the job performance e.g. improved customer service and better productivity. This benefits the organization in various ways. First and foremost, basing on the future employee decisions and their needs, it is easier for an organization to decide which type of training and promotion needs are

Professional Experience As A Key Determinant In Seeking A Career Essay

Professional Experience As A Key Determinant In Seeking A Career - Essay Example As many students are encouraged to pursue a given field based upon their own values, belief systems, and worldview, so similarly are educators and practitioners encouraged to give back to their community with respect to the desire to impart the values, beliefs, and worldview. What such a unique model creates within the Walden University setting is a situation in which passionate practitioners seek to impart their expertise to eager learners who also have a desire to practice such a trade within the workforce (Walden University 2012). Naturally, beyond a mere understanding of the practical application, the scholar-practitioners are able to engage the students with the unique idealism that they so eagerly seek with reference to the potential career they will be pursuing. Similarly, one of the main goals that a student will realize is that they have a profound desire to positively affect the lives and health of those under their charge. Although they may not be specialists in the medical sense of the term, they are nonetheless an integral link in the chain of healthcare providers that help to relay a high quality of care to those under their purview (ACHA 2011). Similarly, the roles and responsibilities of a manager with regards to the healthcare organization of today are increasingly varied and complex. As such, it requires a great deal of expertise to be able to handle the plethora of different demands and constraints that such a complex and storied profession requires (Health Management Careers 2012). As such, some of the key skills which one requires in order to succeed in such a field involve superior time management, understandings of the key complications that seek to differentiate aspects of the healthcare industry, a clear understanding and application of ethics and morality, compassion for and identification with a host of individuals from different ethnicities and backgrounds, as well as a profound regard for seeking the greater good and ameliorating suffering wherever it may be found.

Bureaucratic structure and leadership Research Paper

Bureaucratic structure and leadership - Research Paper Example Fire Administration, 2013). This is a kind of appropriate leadership technique where there is an involvement of serious safety risks (such as working with fire, machinery, dangerous heights and toxic substances (NFPA International, 2002). With these considerations, the paper aims comprehend the different feedbacks provided by the staff in a fire department in a leading southeastern city. Bureaucratic/Organizational Structure Issues Impacting the Fire Department’s Effectiveness Bureaucratic leadership style is a framework which is grounded upon certain fixed rules and regulations. This leadership style is particularly observed to be useful in case of performing routine activities which is generally the work structure of fire departments. With reference to the feedback provided by staff of fire department in a foremost southeastern city, it can be determined that fire department follows bureaucratic style which is a fixed framework but on the job at times the fire fighters requi re to take a lot of flexible decisions which might not be possible within such a rigid framework. Thus, a question arises whether the bureaucratic leadership style is acceptable in this organization or not. ... People do not have any specific idea regarding what their jobs actually are. Public actually perceive them as "dead weight" because they actually are not visible as the department of police. There have been various problems regarding the organizational structure of the fire department (Cochran, n.d.). Though media has been one of the most connective allies of the fire fighter departments, there is a lack of awareness and education about what the fighter does. Thus, there should be proper exposure of the fire department to the public, in terms of establishing greater cultural relationships. Thirdly, the fire fighters generally follow the standardized rating of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). It is observed from the feedbacks that the organizational structure or practices in the department bestow greater emphasis on the ratings of the ISO and less concern towards the needs of the communities. Fourthly, due to globalization new industrial buildings are setting up which is causing an increase in operations for the fire fighters. The fire services and equipment are getting increasingly expensive which may raise questions in the minds of the public regarding the quality of the service they are obtaining. Moreover, quick responses by the fire fighters may not be possible as some of the coverage areas are far from the stations. Training schedule needs to be structured properly so that multiple units of fire are actually not out of service at onetime leaving large areas of the city without protection. Nationally, there is a drop in the percentage of the number of fire fighters by nearly 10 percent from 880000 in 1984 to 790000 in the year 2001. This indicates that the

Putting elderly parents in nursing homes Research Paper

Putting elderly parents in nursing homes - Research Paper Example Caring of elderly parent runs for an extensive period, and can threaten the physical and emotional health of caregivers and the implications of caregiving are not limited to the caregiver only. When the situation is beyond control of a caregiver or fails to get alternative arrangements from other siblings, they are forced to search for assisted living facility or nursing homes for attending their beloved ones. Since long term care may cause economic burden it is essential to prepare a future retirement plan in advance, and selecting an appropriate long-term care policy. Generally siblings of aged parents are in a conflicting situation about placing their parent in a nursing home because of emotional attachments and apprehensions. With critical analysis of the functioning of various nursing homes, consultation with ‘elder law attorney’, and remembering that the role as caregiver will change but will not end once the care receiver is shifted to a nursing care facility is p aramount in easing the burden of elderly caregivers. Everyone’s situation is different, and family relationships also have no exception, but all of us prefer a warm and loving family relationship, and thus would prefer to care for our elders in own home even if it is a distressing experience. USA Today report that 34 million Americans serve as unpaid caregivers for other adults, usually elderly relatives, and that they spend an average 21 hours a week helping out, and the estimated economic impact of â€Å"free care† was about $350 billion in 2006, according to AARP study report. (Fetterman). Attending an elderly person with dementia, Alzheimer’s, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or fall injury exerts extreme pressure on family members, and instruction of treating doctors that the patient need 24-hour care makes it more complicated for a caregiver. Amongst these debilitating conditions it is estimated that â€Å"More than five million

Prometheus Bound Essay Example for Free

Prometheus Bound Essay In the play â€Å"Prometheus Bound† by Aeschylus, it states ideas about the concept of power through force. The play deals with conflict between force and intelligence which realates to the main concept of power and force. At the beginning of the play, Hephaestus is joined by Kratos, who represents power, and Bia, representing force. Heaphaestus chains Prometheus while Kratos abuses him and Bia stays silent throughtout the enchaintment. While Hephaestus has sympathy for Prometheus, Kratos reminds him that this is Zeus’ punishment for stealing fire from the gods and giving it to mankind. When Prometheus tried to use his intelligence to help humanity by giving them the gift of fire, Zeus responds by using his force to punish Prometheus. Throughout the play, Prometheus knowledge makes it clear that without him, Zeus will fall by a power greater than his own. For this reason, Force can be an advantage than knowledge, but it cannot remain indefinitely without it. On pg 1(lines 4-11), it says â€Å"Ordained thee by the Father-to enchain this malefactor on yon mountain crags†¦.. and check his charity for man. This is significant because Prrometheus stole fire from the gods and Zeus, all powerful, punishes Prometheus by sending his assistants, Kratos (power) and Bia (force) with Hephaestus to enchain Prometheus to a mountain. Therefore, Zeus has the power and control over the other gods and immortals. Secondly, on pg. 43 (lines 12-16) continued on pg. 44 (lines 1-3) it says â€Å"No rack nor pillory can cause Zeus devise to move or make manifest these things†¦. not thus will he consrain my tongue to tell By whose hand he from tyranny shall fall. This is significant because Prometheus has the knowledge about the overthrow of power of Zeus. For this reason, knowledge or force beats power. Prometheus is a powerless immortal and victim of an unjust powerful god, Zeus, who rules by demands and laws. In this conflict, the idea that force requires thought and guidance to sustain it. Therefore, Aeschylus is stating that a resolution between knowledge and force can work together to avoid destruction. Prometheus knowledge, signifies that the idea that thought must be sustained. In this case, his judgement will save Zeus but his opposition to Zeus leads on the path to resolution.

The Escape Essay Example for Free

The Escape Essay The text under consideration is the short story â€Å"The Escape† written by a famous English writer Somerset Maugham. The story deals with the author’s speculation of the question of marriages, especially the possibility of men to escape it. There is no exposition, therefore we can only guess by the contents where and when the settings set on. At the beginning of the text the author expresses his conviction that only an instant flight can save a man from a woman, if she made up her mind to marry him. Further on the author recollects a case when even such flight couldn’t save the poor man. The author passes on to another story of a man, whose name was Roger Charing, who managed to extricate himself in such circumstances. The author introduces to us a girl – Ruth Barlow –whom he fell in love with, draws special attention to her eyes and the impression they made on men. He also depicts the misery of the girl’s life, as everyone treated her very badly and nothing ever went right with her. Further on the author disclosed some information concerning Ruth’s character, mainly from the point of view of the narrator. The author touches upon Roger’s attitude to her, saying that he was very happy, for he committed a good action and at the same time did something he had very much a mind to. In the next passage the author suddenly changes the mood of the narration saying that Roger fell out of love. He points out Roger’s intentions not to let Ruth marry him by any means. But then the author dwells upon the difficulty of the situation he was in, because now he realized what sort of woman he had to deal with. After that the author describes the method that Roger used to get rid of Ruth: he said that until they found a perfect house they wouldn’t get married. The author points out that it took years for them to search for the suitable house, they visited thousands of them, but still couldn’t find anything. The author shows the change in Ruth’s mood as the years go by: she becomes more and more irritated, disappointed and even angry. The author describes the outcome of this story in two letters: one from Ruth, in which she tells that she found some other man who is willing to marry her. The other letter is the Roger’s reply, in which he pretends to be shocked and depressed by this news, and sends to her another list of houses that will suit her perfectly. Precis The short story â€Å"The Escape† by Somerset Maugham is a humorous and witty narration about Roger Charing who managed to escape from Ruth Barrow that had made up her mind to marry him. Being old enough and having much experience, Roger decided to use the search of a perfect house as an excuse not to marry her, until she understood that he didn’t love her and found another man to marry. Gist Roger Charing, a character of the story â€Å"The Escape† by Somerset Maugham, once fell in love with Ruth Barrow, but later his love disappeared and in order not to let her marry him, he made searches of a perfect house last endlessly, until she decided to leave him.

Care For Patient Undergoing A Ileostomy Nursing Essay

Care For Patient Undergoing A Ileostomy Nursing Essay The patient involved was supposed to make care of an ileostomy. In this scenario, the patient must eat a well balanced diet regularly and also drink at least six glasses of water. The patient should also try about six small meals per day instead of three large meals. The patient should also insist on eating solid food before taking in any liquid to avoid gurgling in the stomach. Food such as garlic, onions, cabbage, broccoli or asparagus may produce odor. Even if the pouch is odor proof, eating this type of food may create a strong odor while emptying the pouch. It is therefore advisable for the patient to avoid these kinds of foods. Meals with parsley, buttermilk and yogurt can reduce the odor. Thought I intended to reduce the odor that comes as result of the food that the patient may be consuming ignorantly. The odor generates a lot of comfort to the patient and even those who are around him and this can easily lead to stigmatization of the same patients who wanted a close monitoring to ensure quick recovery. Feelings. The feeling at the time was that of sympathy because most of the patients with this condition are highly stigmatized not because of their wish but because of their ignorance. The reason why i designed this schedule was to ensure that such kind of situations is minimized. Evaluation Everything went as planned with a few mistakes due to little exposure to these form of treatment to the patient. Most patients have not been exposed to this kind of medical care and therefore very few of them know either nothing or little about the condition. Fear is a major concern to the patient with some of them still sticking to their traditions and thinking that certain practices are considered taboos in their culture Analysis The reason why there was some success is because of the cooperation by the target patient and also some education on the benefits that are going to be realized if the patient sticks to the highlighted rules e.g. avoiding certain types of food to stop the smell. This was mainly influenced positively by the use of examples and close monitoring of the same patient. Examples highly motivated the patients and giving them chances to test on the issue. Reframe The alternative to this situation is the use of force especially if the patient refuses to follow or adhere to instructions as it was in many cases. Use of force can make most patients to stick to the rules and adapt to them with time. Future action From this case, it is advisable that before any kind of teaching is perform, it is imperative that the patient be thoroughly exposed to some of the practices the are going to help him or her to an easy time during the teaching. The mode of teaching should not entail much detail but just an overview of the practices that are intended to be adhered to on a regular basis by the patient. Reflective account Various gastrointestinal and genitourinary etiologies may need the creation of urinary or fecal diversion. These may include inflammatory bowel disease, diverticular disease, intestinal obstruction, colon-rectal cancer, gynecological cancers and gastrointestinal trauma (Beitz, 2004). Indications for coming up with the urinary stoma include; neurogenic bladder, bladder cancer, refractory radiation cystitis and interstitial cystitis. The cause of the disease will determine if the condition will be a temporary or permanent one (Thomas McGinnis, 2004). Among various types of surgically created ostomies, colostomy involves the opening made on the large intestine to allow for the passage of stool. The location of colostomy can be in sigmoid, transverse or ascending position. In this case, surgical resection will ultimately determine the stool output consistency. Ileostomy is a surgical construction from the small intestine and it is located high in the gastrointestinal route hence the stool output is comparatively of high quantity and liquid consistency (Gordon and Vasilevsky, 2004). Ileal conduit or urostomy is made using a short portion of the ileum to assist in urine elimination. Ureters are connected to conduit to allow urine to flow out of the body into ostomy pouch through the stoma (McGinnis Tomaselli, 2004). Whether the ostomy is temporary or permanent, nurses must posses the knowledge to give the patient and the family the necessary information to improve recovery and enable a positive experience when obtaining information about ostomy care. Patient Education Any patient who is scheduled for an ostomy surgery can experience a number of feelings like fear, anxiety, depression and loss of body image especially if the cause of the surgery is a diagnosis related to cancer. Pre operative teachings assist the patient by receiving these feelings and contribute to quick recovery of the patient (Oshea, 2001). A very important ingredient in the teaching procedure before the operation is the Wound Ostomy and Continence Nurse (WOCN). Counseling before the operation allows for the assessment of the patients knowledge about the disease, support systems, level of education, employment, physical activity involvement, financial concerns and hobbies. Assessment of any physical shortcomings is also necessary because poor manual dexterity, poor vision and loss of hearing may affect the patients ability to undertake ostomy self care. Patients spiritual and cultural beliefs should be also assessed because certain particular rituals concerning ostomy care may n eed to be taken in. Employing all these factors can assist the patient to recover successfully and feel confident in managing the condition (Oshea, 2001). WOCN reviews the cause of the disease, stoma characteristics, surgical procedure, peristomal skin care, dietary considerations and a variety of ostomy appliances. If appropriate teaching proceedings may enable the patient to have an insight of the ostomy pouching system. Use of teaching booklets and illustrations helps to improve the education. Another component of preoperative teaching is the stoma site marking. This is recommended for all who are set to undergo a permanent or temporary stoma (Goldberg and Carmel, 2004). A poorly located stoma on the patients abdomen can lead to peristomal skin complications, stool and urine leakage, stoma, emotional and physical stress for the patient. During stoma site marking, there is abdomen assessment with the patient in sitting standing and lying positions. Also the abdomen can be assessed for the skin folds, bony, creases, scars and prominences. Patients belt and line should be avoided from the stoma site and not affect any prosthetic devices. The stoma site should also be put in an area that the patient can visualize and access. Ideal stoma site is situated in the anal muscle that extends to symphysis from the xyphoid process (Goldberg and Carmel, 2004). Nursing Education In stoma assessment the patient must enter the operating room with the pouching system on stoma. Immediately after the operation the, a transparent pouch is recommended to enable the nurse to have a view of stoma characteristics and stool and urine presence (Goldberg and Carmel, 2004). Initially after the operation period, the stoma can appear edematous, red, shiny and moist. In general terms, the stoma is red to pink in color according to tissue that was used in construction. Brown to dark color may show stoma ischemia and the consultations must be made with the physician. The shape of the stoma ranges from round to oval. It changes its shape and size in a period of six to eight weeks after the surgery. Since the stoma decreases in size with time, the nurse must use a skin barrier that has been cut to fit to the stoma (Goldberg and Carmel, 2004). For the first six to eight weeks after the surgery, measurements of the stoma should be taken each time the barrier of the skin is changed. Measuring guides are provided to measure round stomas, oval stomas will need the length and width measurements of the stoma (Colwell, 2004). Lack of sphincter by the stoma to regulate the passage of urine or stool, then the opening should be placed near the center of the stoma to aid the flow of urine and stool (McCann, 2002). The stoma may not or may protrude out of the skin surface. Stomal protrusion varies from a flush stoma at the skin level to a moderate one which is about 1-3 cm in length (Erwin-Toth and Doughty, 2002). Actually, stoma protrusion should be at least 0.8 inches above the skin level (Colwell, 2004). Protruding stoma helps urine and stool to flow into the pouch directly. A flush stoma is not suitable because it can cause difficulties when skin barrier attaches to it and leakage of stool below the skin barrier leading to peristomal skin irritations. The stoma output is determined by the location of ileostomy. The output resulting form the ascending colon produces a semi liquid consistency whereas the one from the transverse colon produces a semi-liquid to pasty consistency and the one located in a sigmoid or descending colon will be more of a solid stool (McCann, 2002). An Ileostomy stool output is constant and watery with a lot of digestive salt and digestive enzymes. At the initial postoperative stages, the stool may be greenish and thick. The stool output from Ileostomy range from 800-1,700 cc in one day (Colwell 2004). When the patient comes back to the regular diet, there is development of the stool consistency from the ileum and a reduced out put in a daily basis ranging from 500-800cc/day. With time the small intestines recovers and with a decrease in stool output (McCann, 2002). Urine is immediately produced after the surgery by the Ileal conduit stomas. It is usually normal for the urine to be blood-tinged after the operation. Also the small intestines produce mucous which may be seen in urine (Colwell, 2003). Peristomal skin care involves the protection of the peristomal from coming into contact with the urine and stool to stop the occurrence of peristomal skin complications. Skin barrier needs to be properly measured to suit the stoma. If the skin barrier opening is too large, urine or stool will cause irritation on the peristomal skin area. The opening should not be more than 2cm larger than the size of the stoma. Cleanliness of the peristomal skin can be done by gently using warm water then dry it. Moisturizing soaps must be avoided because they affect negatively the skin barrier attachment. Male patients need to be taught trimmed peristomal using electric razor, scissors and other safety devices in an outward manner from the stoma (McCann, 2002). When choosing the pouching system of the patient, the information that was gathered before the operation is heavily relied upon. Other factors to be considered include location of the stoma, its size and shape plus the anatomical location. Pouching system should give anticipated wear time and protect the underlying skin from stool and urine (Colwell, 2003). Most of the pouching systems are designed in a way that the weight is light, easy to maintain and odor-proof (Colwell, Carmel and Goldberg, 2001). One of the most important components of the pouching systems is the skin barrier because it protects the peristomal skin from stool and urine (Colwell, 2004). Skin barriers can be found in either cut-to fit or pre-cut product. The pre-cut models are meant for the round stomas. Barrier opening should fit stoma size to limit the probability of the urine and stool coming into contact with the peristomal skin. The cut-to fit models can be used in oval stomas or the ones which are irregular in shape. The cut-to fit barriers are the commonly recommended in initial postoperative stage because the size of the stoma will reduce for not less than six to eight weeks from the day the surgery was performed. A large skin barrier may cause peristomal skin problems resulting from the exposure to stool or urine (Colwell, 2004).

Free Macbeth Essays: The Value of Sleep :: Macbeth essays

The Value of Sleep in Macbeth I'm sure you know what it is like to not have a good night sleep for a day or two, or maybe even a whole week, but imagine not being able to sleep through the night for an entire year. Macbeth grows to know this feeling all too well in Shakespeare's Macbeth. Every time that Macbeth is involved in murdering his so-called friends, his waking hours grow longer and longer. He almost goes crazy the night that he kills King Duncan, and he can never get over this because he immediately has to kill again in order to protect himself Each of these killings causes Macbeth to sleep less and eventually leads to his insanity. It all starts when Macbeth and Lady Macbeth agree that it will be the best for both of their futures if Macbeth sneaks into the king's chamber and slaughters the king in cold blood. Here, he gets just a small glimpse of what's to come. He begins to already hear voices in his head. They say to him, "Sleep no more: Macbeth does murder sleep," and "the innocent sleep . . . Macbeth shall sleep no more" (II.ii.38-46).And he does not really sleep much more after this night. Macbeth kills innocence when he kills the sleeping Duncan. There is no possible way that Duncan can defend himself. He is completely helpless and innocent, but Macbeth kills him anyhow. Finally, there is no choice for Macbeth but to kill his best friend Banquo in order to destroy any thoughts that Macbeth is actually Duncan's murderer, Macbeth has lost countless amount of sleep due to his conscience. He can not even think straight. For him to even consider killing his friend is demented enough, but to follow through with his plans is completely insane. How can you kill the man you have told everything to, and who you have spent most of your fun times with. Macbeth shows even greater weakness when he claims to see Banquo's ghost at the dinner table the evening of the murder. He acts so insanely that his wife has to stand up and say, "Sit worthy friends. My lord is often thus, And hath been from his youth. Pray you, keep seat" (III.iv.53-54). Macbeth's own wife has to stand up and lie for him because Macbeth has gotten so little sleep that he actually thinks this ghost is real, even though he knows that Banquo is dead.

Analysis of South of the Slot by Jack London Essay -- South of the Slo

Analysis of South of the Slot by Jack London The slot is a metaphor of the â€Å"class cleavage of society†. There was a contrast between the North and South of the Slot in terms of building types: in the North were the higher-class centers of diversion, lodging, and business; and in the South were the lower-class centers of lodging, unskilled work/business. The buildings are figures of two contrasting classes that were segregated (?). In order to study the southern people (the working class) a sociology professor of the University of CA, Freddie Drummond (FD), decides to work temporarily as an unskilled laborer. Initially he experiences social problems of adaptation and acceptance by his fellow workers. For example, he doesn’t understand their insistent admonitions to reduce his work pace. As a result of his fierce competition against them, by the 6th day FD doubles his earnings. He misunderstands their lack of loyalty to the business, and looks down on them. Being unable to convince Drummond, and as a last resor t, his co-workers jumped on him and attacked him so badly that he becomes ill. Once recovered, Drummond changes job. He finds himself working as a fruit-distributor among the women and decides not to change their work conditions. In six months, Drummond works at many jobs, and succeeds in imitating a genuine worker. As FD makes tentative generalizations about the working class, he is applauded by the business people, who divulge and spread his studies to the working cl...

An experiment to investigate the effect of changing the concentration E

An experiment to investigate the effect of changing the concentration of hydrochloric acid on the rate of reaction with sodium thiosulpahte. Aim I am trying to find out how the concentration of hydrochloric acid affects the reaction time with sodium thiosulpahte. If a clear solution of sodium thiosulphate is mixed with hydrochloric acid then a reaction will occur where a creamy-yellow precipitate of sulphur is produced. H20 Text Box: + Text Box: + Text Box: + Na2S203 2HCL Text Box: + 2NaCl SO2 S Reactants Products The sulphur takes a while to form and starts to turn the water cloudy after a short time. You cannot tell when the reaction has stopped so a cross drawn on a piece of paper in pencil can be sued to do this experiment. The liquid is placed on top of the cross in a beaker and it is timed how long it takes for the cross to disappear when viewed through the liquid. This experiment can be used to investigate the effects of concentration and temperature on rate of reaction. This is the experiment I am going to do because I am trying to see how the concentration of acid affects the rate of reaction. Variables In my investigation I could change: * Concentration of sodium thiosulphate * Temperature of solution * Concentration of acid * Type of acid * Volume of thiosulphate * Volume of acid I am going to change the concentration of acid. I will keep all the other variables the same. The independent variable will change the dependant variable- the rate of reaction. Prediction I predict that the less concentrated the acid is then the longer it will take for the sodium thiosulphate to react. If you increase the temp, increase concentration, add a catalyst or the solid reactant is crushed up into smaller bits then the rate of reaction will always increase. Apparatus * Sodium thiosulphate * Hydrochloric acid * Measuring cylinder * Beaker * Paper * Pencil * Distilled water * Stop watch * Conical flask Safety Goggles should be worn to prevent any of the solution from going into the eye. Everyone should behave sensibly to prevent accidents. Collision theory The rate of reaction depends on how often and how hard the reacting particles collide with each other. The particles have to collide hard enough in order to react. The rate of reaction can be increase... ...2 and 3 only have a 1second difference in time. These results are too close together and cannot be reliable. These results aren't adequate for a firm conclusion as it has a few anomalous results and on the average times they don't have a large enough gap between them e.g. 34 and 36. The experiment should be carried out more times for a more accurate result. The procedure used was suitable but produced quite unreliable results as the cross on the paper may have not fully disappeared when the other person was told to stop the timer as this is what we did. If the person looking at the cross and observing when it disappeared changed then the person's opinion on when it has disappeared may make it an inaccurate test so it would have to be kept the same person all the time. If I did the experiment again I would probably take more time measuring out the solutions and it would probably be a better idea for the person observing to see when the cross can no longer be seen to have the stop watch so they can stop it at the exact time they can no longer see it. It could also be improved if the experiment was carried out more times as a better average could be produced.

Alcohol and Energy Drinks- A literature review Essay

?In recent years, researchers have begun to focus attention on an emerging trend of consuming energy drink mixed with alcohol AmED. Consumption of AmED is thought to have a correlation with high-risk behavior and negative effects on the consumer. Several research articles have examined the various facets of this practice. Some of the points of consideration that have been researched include the motivations behind consuming AmED, the effects of consuming AmED on alcohol consumption and the likelihood of engaging in risk taking behaviors after consuming AmED compared to alcohol alone. This literature review will examine the following four articles in an attempt to explore this area of research. Energy drinks are beverages that boast the ability to provide the consumer with an increase in energy. Energy drinks frequently contain large amounts of caffeine. The upper daily recommended limits for an adult in regards to caffeine is XXX. Levels of caffeine can be up to 300mg per serving. A 6oz coffee contains 100mg. The caffeine from energy drinks is known to have a stimulating effect on the nervous system. Many brands of energy drinks contain additional chemicals including plant-based stimulants (guarana and yerba mate). The effect of these on the body is not well understood as there has been little research. Simple sugars such as glucose and fructose are also found in some energy drinks. Other potential ingredients include glucronolacteone (a naturally occurring metabolite), amino acids (taurine, carnitine and creatine), herbs (Ginko Biloba and ginseng) and vitamins. In a research paper by Peacock and Bruno (2012a), patterns of use and motivations behind the consumption of AmED were examined. The focus of this investigation was to examine the motivation of participants to consume AmED through self-reporting techniques in the form of an online questionnaire. The sample of 400 participants aged 18-35 years who had reportedly consumed AmED in the past 6 months. The results of the study indicated that 75% of participants used AmED for energetic purposes, 50% reporting use to extend their stay at a public venue, 60% claimed they were motivated by situational circumstances, such as mixed drinks containing ED, 40% reported sharing AmED with a companion, 20% used AmED to mask the flavor of alcohol, 50% of the sample reported using AmED to have more fun and only 33% reported consuming AmED to get more drunk Peacock al et (2012a). In addition to taste and situational reasons, the participants in this study appeared to be motivated by functional and hedonistic outcomes. Only a small number of participants being motivated by the desire to increase the level of drunkenness or experience similar effects to elicit drugs. A study conducted by O’Brian, McCoy, Rohdes, Wagoner and Wolfson (2008), where by responses from 4,271were recorded via a web based survey. Participants who consumed AmED in the past 30 days reported consuming significantly more alcohol in a typical drinking session as well as reporting more drinking sessions than those who did not consume AmED O’Brian et al. (2008). AmEd consumers also reported episodes of weekly drunkenness and among the sample who reported consuming AmED a single drinking session consumed 36% more than students who didn’t not report consumption of AmEd. The results of Peacock et al. (2012b) indicate that although risk taking behaviors occurred during sessions of consumption of both alcohol and risk taking behavior that occurred with AmED was statistically less than the risk taking behaviors that occurred in alcohol alone sessions. However consumption of AmEd did result in higher negative physiological and psychological outcomes than those reported from consuming alcohol. Verster, Aufricht and Alford (2012), conducted a review of articles of articles relating to the consumption of AmED. It was revealed through a critique of multiple correlational studies that there are currently insufficient properly controlled studies to draw any firm conclusions regarding the effects of AmED. Conclusions reached in their report were that only a minority of the student population occasionally consumes AmED Vester (2012). Research also suggested some evidence that AmED may result in an increase in some aspects of alcohol- induced performance impairment. There is no consistent evidence that alcohol alters perceived levels of intoxication, no evidence that consumption of ED causes an increase in alcohol consumption, no direct evidence exists to suggest that ED is linked to drug and alcohol dependence or abuse. A personality predisposed to higher levels of risk taking behavior may be the primary reason for increasing alcohol and drug abuse and that AmED may be a component of that lifestyle. The literature available relating to AmED consumption is insufficient. Presently there is an insufficient amount of evidence to link the consumption of AmED to an increase in risk taking behavior, increase in consumption of alcohol or negative effects on health. To understand the true effects of AmED further research is required. To draw more concrete conclusions about the effect of AmED there is a need for more complex and properly controlled clinical studies need to be undertaken. Research design needs to explore relationships with a within subject design whereby the relationship between the ingestion of AmED and the consumption of alcohol is further explored and documented.

Patterns of World History Vol 1

â€Å"Humans and Ideas† Some of the most powerful ideas humans developed during early divination of 3000 BCE to 618 CE have been about techniques to improve living. New technological ideas from the invention of the wheel to the hand crank pump have transformed how millions of people live. The way technological ideas have accumulated over time and the effects they have had on society is one of the main themes of world history. Shortly before 3000 BCE, Mesopotamians invented a technological idea which ended in a writing system called cuneiform that increased communication, record keeping, and abstract thought.Through symbols written on wet clay tablets that represented objects and sounds, history could be recorded for the first time. Writing was a major expansion of the conceptual horizon of humankind that reached back to the first flaked stones, ornaments, figurines, and cave paintings in the Paleolithic (Von Sivers 44). Early metallurgists discovered that by adding tin to copp er they were able to make bronze which was much harder than copper and provided a sharper cutting edge which was the start of the Bronze Age (Lecture).By 2800 BCE Sumer entered into what is described as the protoliterate period where scribes would work with pictograms and official seals but there was still no official written language (Lecture). Harappan cities were unique to the 1700’s BCE due to the meticulously planned grid-like design that included a most elaborate urban sewer system for ancient times. Remarkably straight, brick paved streets ran in north/south, east/west axes forming square blocks of public buildings, temples, and markets in convenient locations.Houses had brick-lined indoor wells and primitive toilets emptying into terra-cotta cesspits whose overflow connected to the city’s drains and sewers (Von Sivers 80). Located several miles up the Sabarmati River from the Gulf of Khambat, Lothal was a large, perhaps the chief, of all trading seaports around 1700 BCE. Lothal central structure is an enormous basin, approximately 120 feet long and 70 feet wide. The location of Lothal on the Arabian Sea indicates a link between Harappan cities and trade that would have reached Mesopotamia and possibly Egypt.Lothal was also a famous regional craft center, with micro beads used for decorative craft items and jewelry as its chief product for internal trade and export (Von Sivers 80). Around 1700 BCE, the chariot and composite bow made their entry into the Middle East and eastern Mediterranean region, transforming armies who previously relied solely on foot soldiers. Black smiths mastered the art of iron making and incorporated iron into their chariot armies, in the form of swords, helmets, and protective armor (Von Sivers 53).The Shang Dynasty used the horse to drive chariots, which transformed the Chinese warfare for transportation, which linked disparate regions of China and helped the Shang to expand. It was a featured in art and poetry a nd thus offered a new symbol for artist and poets to work with. It will also link China to nomadic horse people from the north and west (Von Sivers 110). The people in Meroe mined, smelted, and forged iron which they were the first to do so in sub-Saharan Africa. The craft of iron smelting evolved gradually in Hittite Anatolia during several centuries after 1500 BCE.The possible spread of iron-working sills from the Middle East to Africa has not been satisfactorily proved. Iron workers in African villages adapted iron-making to local village circumstances. The production of iron, or greater import was the knowledge f how to forge the bloom-the combination of raw iron and slag- into an iron- carbon allow that was neither too soft nor too brittle (Von Sivers 165). Chariots and bows were introduced to the Shan army between 1300-1200 BCE. Around 1200 BCE, The Olmec crafted figurines, mask of clays, and made figurines from jade and serpentine.The Olmec heads were carved from 18 ton block s of basalt that were quarried 70 miles away from San Lorenzo. Large groups of workers shouldered beams from which the basalt blocks, weighing 18 tons on average, hung in slings. They carried these blocks to the coast and shipped them to San Lorenzo on rafts. There, sculptors fashioned the blocks into fierce-looking, helmeted heads, kneeling or sitting figures, and animal statues (Von Sivers 145). The Lydians are notable for having created in 615 BCE the first minted money in world history, coins made of silver and gold and used in trade (Von Sivers 199).The Achaemenids created an elaborate system of roads known as the royal roads around 550 BCE for communication and transportation of troops and trade. The Persian Empire in particular covered vast amounts of land, from Anatolia to Egypt and Mesopotamia, to modern day Afghanistan. The Persian Empire was both centralized and decentralized. One centralized aspect, as revealed by the roads, was the need to pay taxes and tribute to the s hahinshah, the emperor. Even more revealing is the style of the Persian roads, with distance markers at regular intervals, inns and depots indicating the sophistication of the Persian infrastructure.The centralization of the empire is further revealed by the regulation that local parts of the road had to be maintained by the local governors, appointed by the emperor; thus even to the local level the emperor had influe nce (Von Sivers 200). The Achaemenids achieved their conquests with the help of lightly armed; highly mobile mounted archers as well as heavily armored, slow-moving cataphracts-horsemen with protective armor consisting of iron scales sewn on leather shirts. Quilts and iron scales protected the horses. The archers fought with composite bows and the cataphracts, with 5-foot long, iron-tipped lances for thrusting.Infantry soldiers armed with bows, arrows, shields, and javelins provided support for the cavalry, complementing its tank-like thrust (Von Sivers 200). The Well- Field System was an attempt to untangle the more confusing aspects of land arrangement around 500 BCE. The Zhou was the first among many dynasties to attempt to impose a uniform system of land tenure in China. Each square Li(one li is about one-third of a mile), consisting of 900 mou(each mou is approximately one-sixth of an acre) was divided into a grid of nine plots.Individual families would each work one of the eight outside plots while the middle one would be farmed in common for the taxes and rents owed the landowner or local officials (Von Sivers 117). In the 5th Century BCE, sculptors began to explore physical movement, emotion, and individual character by Greek Painting and Sculpture. Greek vase paintings and sculptures achieved a remarkable wide range, from figures exerting themselves in their chosen sports to serene models of human beauty.Greek sculptors and painters abandoned symbolism and instead, embraced realism as their style of representation in which we call today p hotographic representation (Von Sivers 229). Craftspeople from the Chavin de’ Hauntar around 500 BCE made beads, pendants, stone tools and leather goods, but pioneered new techniques combining the wool from llamas with cotton to create a new blended cloth. They decorated it using new methods of dyeing and painting. Goldsmiths demised new methods of soldering and alloying gold and silver to make large ornamental objects.Small objects, such as golden headbands, ear spools, beads, and pins, signified prestige and wealth. Gold artifacts found in the graves of the wealthy attest to the value residents of Chavin placed on gold (Von Sivers 144). What technical and cultural development allowed the people of the Lapita culture to spread throughout the Pacific Islands? 500 BCE-200 BCE- The Polynesian Islands were settled in part due to sail and paddle-driven canoes, which were further improved by the addition of outriggers or double hulls.These boats improvements allowed the Polynesian s to sail further and reach some of the more distant islands. Cultural developments included the ability to retain elaborate, detailed mental maps of islands, ability to read wind patterns and currents, and retention of celestial information that allowed for navigation (Von Sivers ). The Silk Road was an overland trade routes that connected eastern and western Eurasia, beginning at the end of the fourth century BCE (Von Sivers 286).Mayans developed writing that was a complex combination of glyphic and syllabic script as early as 400-300 BCE. Mayan writing is a glyphic as well as a syllabic script, numbering some 800 signs. It is structurally similar to Sumerian cuneiform and Egyptian hieroglyphic. The glyphic part consists of pictograms, one-word images of the most essential features of what is to be depicted. Glyphs as syllables consist of one, two, or three of syllabic glyphs, or syllabaries, are pronounced as a series of syllables.Given the mixture of pictograms and syllabaries, which is potentially immense, the complexity of Mayan writing appeared for a long time to be an insuperable obstacle to any effort at deciphering (Von Sivers 182). Around 300 BCE, The Upanishadic writers, or which one hundred are known, thought that the Vedic religion had become too distracted due to the thousands of gods. The Upanishads instead sought a monist, rather that polytheistic approach, and sought for a first principle, a universal truth that did not require the worship of many different gods.The Upanishadic writers were hermits who wanted to reach unity with the universal self, which would remove them from the cycle of rebirth and redeath that characterized earthly life. Salvation in this system was moksha, escape from reincarnation. This salvation was achieved through meditation and brief aphorisms becoming a vital part of a new evolving tradition (Von Sivers 248). Around 221 BCE, the Qin Shi Huangdi, the first emperor of the Qin, accomplished a significant part of empir e and state building.These are several accomplishments of Shi Huangdi to include: building the Great Wall of China that was massive project stretching over 1400 miles to safeguard against attacks by nomadic people in the north; standardized weights, measures, and coinage; building roads, canals, irrigation, water conservancy projects; his tomb with life-sized warriors; use of conscripted labor; and the implementation of Legalism as the primary philosophy of the realm. Each of these was designed primarily to increase the centralized power of the Qin leader and his state.Babylonians were great mathematicians, who worked fractions, whole numbers and square roots as well as some of the elementary theorems of geometry (Lecture). Starting from the foundations of the Sumerians, the Babylonians made advances in arithmetic, geometry, and algebra. Buddhism, the most profound intellectual influences from India on the surrounding regions was in science and mathematics. During the period from th e second century BCE until the second century CE India was an importer of scientific and mathematical concepts from the Greco-Roman and Persian spheres.Greek geometry, made its way into northern India during this time. Concepts of Indian health regimens-some involving yoga discipline-along with the vast body of Indian medicine, with its extensive knowledge of herbal remedies, also seem to have moved west. In the area of mathematics and astronomy an important synthesis of ideas took place in the developing the first Indian calendars, which were based on the lunar months, through a year consisted of six seasons and an intercalary period was inserted every 30 months to make up the difference with the solar year.The Indians then adopted the calendar of the eastern Mediterranean and southwest Asia, which had a 7 –day week, a 24-hour day, and a 365-day solar year-along with the 12 zodiacal signs of the Greco-Roman world (Von Sivers 264). The earthenware produced during the Tang dyn asty 618 CE is among the most coveted in the world today. Perhaps even more impressive, by this time, too, artisans were producing a kind of â€Å"proto-porcelain† that, with increasing refinement, would be know in the succeeding centuries to the outside world as â€Å"china† (Von Sivers 284).Throughout history, humans have adapted their ideas to their environment and learned to overcome obstacles, thus paving the way for new elements of technology. Humans expressed themselves and communicated with one another in sophisticated ways through paintings, sculptures, and the decorative arts as well as writing, construction, and metals. Of more recent, humans invented writing systems that gave birth to many forms of literature. Humans have wrestled with ideas and beliefs regarding technology.

Marketing Literature Review Essay

Marketing as a management Function3 †¢ Integration of marketing Function7 †¢ Changes in Business Environment10 †¢ Marketing Challenges15 †¢ Bibliography21 Marketing as a Management Function Marketing as a management function which in its simplest term refers to the basic functions of management namely planning, organizing, leading and controlling (POLC). These four functions are necessary for the achievement of organizational goals. It is important that these activities should operate in harmony with one another since they are interrelated. For instance, according to Cole (1996), a manager cannot just do planning and ignore the other aspects. Although these four functions do not tell the whole story about what constitutes management, they are a convenient way of describing most of the key aspects of the roles of management. Planning Plans and decisions are essential requirements to organizational tasks and management. Business success depends significantly upon the successful planning and decision making. Hence, planning is usually listed as the first function of management as we must have a plan before we can organize. Planning can be defined as the management function which involves setting the company’s goals and then determining the means to achieve these goals, in other words, deciding how best to achieve them. In simpler terms, it means deciding now, what to do in the future, given certain intended conditions. The word now indicates present circumstances and the current state of affairs pertaining to an organisation. So, it has been observed that environmental scanning, consisting of the SWOT analysis is therefore a pre-requisite for the planning process. It includes the internal and external environment of the organisation which allows the firm to take advantage of the opportunities and minimize the impact of threats. In addition, the company will have to consider the changes and developments in the macro marketing environment which is the PEST factor (Demographic, Natural, Political/legal, economic, socio-cultural, and technological). The second important element which is ‘what to do’ can also be referred to as ‘what to achieve’. These are expressed in terms of a statement of objectives, goals and targets. The third element, future, may be any time that succeed in the next second or a fraction of it. The future is basically characterised by uncertainty and uncertainty involves risk. Therefore, effective planning requires an effective and efficient process of coping with the uncertainty and the risk of the future to enable achievement of organisation’s objectives. Organizing In order to reach the objective outlined in the planning process, structuring the work of the organization is a vital concern. Organizing is the management function which focuses on arranging and allocating work, authority and resources among an organization’s members that blend together to develop one purpose, to accomplish the goals. These goals will be reached in accordance with the company’s values and procedures. This function involves the setting up of an organizational structure whereby work is allocated, lines of authority and responsibility defined and a system of rules and regulations which guide the conduct of employees laid down. Bateman, Snell (2007) pointed out that a manager must know their subordinates and what they are capable of in order to organize the most valuable resources a company has, its employees. This is achieved through management staffing the work division, setting up the training for the employees, acquiring resources, and organizing the work group into a productive team. This structure should constantly change to suit the organizational needs. Leading Leading inv olves influencing others to engage in the work behaviours necessary to reach organizational goals (Bartol 1997). The manager must communicate with his/her subordinates, explain his/her plans to them, and lead and motivate them to exert their maximum efforts to achieve the goals. Motivation is an internal process that energizes people to engage in certain types of behaviours. Frederick Winslow Taylor’s Scientific Management Movement, was one of the earliest attempts to understand and to deal with the problem of worker motivation. Some major contributors to motivation theories are Abraham Maslow for the Hierarchy of needs theory, Douglas Mc Gregor for Theory X and Theory Y, Frederick Herzberg for Motivation-Hygiene Theory. Leadership has been defined by Dobbins and Pettman (1997) as the ability to motivate people to work towards achieving common goals, to make ordinary people display extraordinary performance. There are different theories of leadership with various stages at its development: traditional theories, contemporary theories and future of leadership. The major contributors to leadership theories are Handy (1993), Kouzes and Pasner(1993), Cacioppe (1997), R. Likert(1961), Blake and Mouton (1964), Fiedler (1967), and Hersey-Blanchard (1968). Controlling Controlling is the management function aimed at regulating organizational activities so that actual performance will conform to expected organizational standards and goals (Bartol 1997). Therefore, the controlling function consists of three steps: i) Establishing a standard or target, ii) Measuring current performance and comparing it with the standard, and iii) Taking corrective actions if deviations are detected. Control is essential at every managerial level since each level has its own planning and responsibility regarding the respective set of activities. However, there is a misconception that control is from top management due to the fact that responsibility increases with the level of hierarchy. Integration of Marketing Function Integration is a marketing catchphrase of the moment. It has risen up because of social, market and technological developments have become more salient and significant than before. The harmonizing of integrated marketing must start with the planning process, by allowing adequate feedback and flexibility to achieve increased organizational fluidity. For the delivery of good customer satisfaction, there should be coordination at three levels. ? Co-ordination among various marketing activities. Nowadays companies need to use a wider range of communication tools and messages effectively by embracing Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC). IMC requires â€Å"integration and co-ordination of an organization’s many communication channels, such as advertising, direct marketing, sales promotion and public relations and publicity, to deliver a clear, consistent and compelling message about the organization and its products† (Kotler, 2000).

Diversity Organization worksheet Essay

When you look at the status of women throughout the United States there has been up’s and down’s. When you look back at the earlier years women were looked at as having a low standard I life versus men having a higher standard. In the 19th century time started changing for women; they begin to fight for equal rights. In the 20th century there were a few laws that passed stating that women should be treated the same as everyone else. In today’s time women work alongside with men and women has dangerous jobs that they work daily, the same as men. There are some women in office contributing to running this country and running the country in a more efficient way than before. There is women police officer putting their life on the line to protect all people. There needs to be two people to pay bills that is why in today’s time men and women both work for one household. Things has changed over the years as far as women having equal rights and I feel this change has been to better this country. I like those women can make decisions and they do not have to worry about anyone second guessing them. Masculinity and femininity are traits defined when you are at a young age; this is when mothers and fathers dressed girls in pink clothing and boys in blue clothing. In life gender associates with many things, for examples careers, sports, and look at a person for what automobile they drive. In the society we live in today it is a common thing to associate things like huge trucks, boxing, football, and wrestling as masculine things for men. Looking at the women side of things wo9me are often looked at as a homemaker, nurses, secretaries, passive, and are looked at to be in tune with their feminine side. The media plays a part in how people view masculinity and feminine which can be completed by a man or woman. In the television world me and woman are looked at in a certain way. In earlier years GLBT was dangerous because of abuse whether physical abuse or verbal abuse, and some went to the extent of killing because their opinion was so intense. Some people viewed these types of situations as justified. In today’s times GLBT are known to be safe. The reason I say GLBT is now safer because GLBT in many states are now legal. There is prejudice and discrimination against GLBT nothing ever happens because they are consequences with the law. Congressman Polis is a chairman of the LGBT Equality Caucus. There are 91 Members of Congress they are committed to making sure the human rights of LGBT are protected in the U.S., The Caucus of the LGBT was established in June 2008 these members are committed to eliminate hate crimes and to make sure everyone has an opportunity to have access to improve their health, regardless of their sexual orientation or gender identity. Congressman Polis one the leader to fight against the military’s â€Å"Don’t Ask Don’t Tell† this was about gas and lesbians in the military. DADT was an act to let the gays and lesbians know that they could not serve in the military openly about their sexual orientation. DADT was the only law that told people to lie about what was going on in their lives so that they would not be fired. Unfortunately hate crimes happens every day and I every state. Hate crimes are not investigated the way most crimes are and that’s because some states do not have the necessary resources to investigate these crimes to the fullest of the law. Hate crimes are usually committed because of a person sexual orientation or gender identity or expression. There are a certain number of women that can go into politics; this is an issue for women. There has been a long wait amongst other women for a woman to become President. In order for a woman to become President it would take men and women to come together and be one the same level of thinking. I feel this would be a hard task to accomplish for a woman to become President; some people still feel a woman should not be ruler over a man. As far as a woman becoming President most people feel like a woman is not strong enough to accomplish the task that it takes to be President. References Phillips,Laurie M.. â€Å"Libelous Language Post Lawrence: Accusations of Homosexuality as Defamation†, Free Speech Yearbook, 2012 http://polis.house.gov/issues/?issueID=5032

Positive and negative effects of fast food Essay

Positive and negative effects of fast food - Essay Example Everyone we look we are bombarded with messages saying that fast food is trendy and affordable for anyone. Another factor is due to the dramatic lifestyle changes that Americans have experienced over the last few years. When time is tight, people generally choose to eat food that does not take up any preparation time. The convenience of a drive-thru has resulted in many people being able to pick up fast food on the go. However, healthy food advocates maintain that fast food is destroying our society in many ways. This paper will look at three positive effects (cost, convenience, taste) of fast food and three negative effects (portion sizes, obesity, and disease) of fast food. The first positive effect of fast food is the low cost that it involves. For many American families, money is tight and they cannot afford to shell out on food that is moderately expensive. For these low income families, fast food offers them an option to feed their whole family for very little cost. Fast food c an be produced very cheaply because of the standardized production process used to make it. Fast food chains are then able to entice low income families by offering food that fits their limited budgets. If fast food was expensive, then it would not have the same popularity because very few people would be able to afford it. The second positive effect of fast food is the convenience at which it offers customers. ... The is accentuated by the popularity of the drive-thru, which allows patrons to order, pay for, and then receive their food without getting out of their car. When someone is in a rush, ordering fast food like this is very appealing because they can eat on the go. The third positive effect of fast food is in terms of the good taste that people get from it. Fast food has additives that are appealing to many people’s taste buds. These addictive substances taste good for a reason: to make someone want to go back for more. If fast food did not taste very nice, then not very many people would be willing to eat it. Part of the appeal of fast food, in addition to its low cost and convenience, is that almost everyone likes to eat fast food even if they don’t do so on a regular basis. Although fast food has many positive aspects to it, one negative effect is that it has increased the portion sizes of American’s meals considerably. Because fast food is processed, it takes e ating a lot of fast food to feel full. This has resulted in people wanting to eat larger meals in order to fill themselves. In addition to fast food, this effect has been transported to all other types of food in that serving sizes have increased remarkably over the past few decades. This has lead to a knock-on effect, such as obesity and disease, both of which are discussed below. Another negative effect of fast food is that it is contributing to the growing problem of obesity in America. The content of fast food has a lot of calories in it, so it helps people to put on weight rather than them slimming down. The fatty oils that are used to cook most fast food are not good for the average person’s health and fast food is known to be a leading cause of obesity. A

The challenge of managing diverse teams Assignment

The challenge of managing diverse teams - Assignment Example ing a socially responsible and fair image for a brand, ensuring greater productivity and efficiency and creation of new business opportunities and encouraging higher flexibility and better creativity among the workforces (Loysk, 2001). Other ancillary benefits of embracing diversity in workplaces are the strengthening of the public diversity reputation of the company, improving the image of the company in the minds of the conscious customer groups and enhancing the team and departmental decision making processes by enabling the generation and accession of varied idea sources. The main challenges associated with building and maintaining a diverse workforce include high investments for ensuring efficient diversity management, reducing conflicts among the employees from different backgrounds, controlling and managing prejudices and negative attitudes towards co workers from different backgrounds, promoting effective communication and transparency within all levels of the organization and providing sufficient resources and assets towards the continuous development and management of the heterogeneous groups of employees (Clutterbuck and Ragins, 2002). The ability to develop and manage a diverse workforce groups is highly significant for the retail industry. This is because the retail industry is a multi layer industry with high levels of concentration, competition and inherent complexities associated with the way this industry functions. As such, the human resources of the company are the most valuable knowledge assets of companies operating in this industry. Since, there are many employment opportunities and options available to the employees working in retail companies, therefore, it is important for the comparison to take suitable steps to ensure that they are able to manage diversity, reduce discrimination and create a fair and just place of work for the employees. This helps to increase the competitiveness of the individual retail companies by retaining the

Language, Communication and Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Language, Communication and Culture - Essay Example This establishes a unique identity for the assemblage of inhabitants. Language can also be perceived as a platform for communication not only among a group of people, but also among different people with unique cultural backgrounds and ethnicity. A single language can form a link between different communities since it establishes a channel of communication hence enhancing understanding between different groups with unique ideologies. Therefore, language can be perceived as a tool that enhances inter-cultural interactions and co-existence between different communities and races through communication. Although there are different forms of languages across the globe, any language is characterized by certain features. These should be present for a language to conform to acceptable standards. The features that define any language include its grammatical structure, diction, dialect, and others which are unique to various communities. Language is a mental function that is among other functi ons of human beings. Language is associated with all the other mental functions of human beings but in different ways. The other higher mental functions have an impact on language or language has an influence on them. Language and Self-consciousness Consciousness is a feeling in a human being that is initiated through various modes. It can be initiated either internally or externally depending on the actions that lead to its initiation. Although it is difficult to establish a strong relationship between language and self-consciousness, researches have shown that a strong link exists between the two elements. The development of conscience has been shown to result from the response by others to our actions or from personal reactions to our own actions. This development is what defines either internal or external consciousness. Internally, self-consciousness can be perceived as personal reflection. This is the ability of human beings to think of themselves as doing or feeling something , and then initiate personal reflection that will eventually lead to communication. Externally, human beings communicate through actions, thus people will react differently to their actions based on the response given to their actions by others. It is therefore, evident that other people play a vital role in shaping an individual’s conscience. Either internally or externally, self consciousness is stirred by thoughts, which are basic structural units of a language. Thoughts are therefore, the link between language and self-consciousness. According to (Fromkin 111), language forms the key components for the infrastructure of thoughts of human beings. Human thoughts are thus the link that demonstrates the relationship between language and self-consciousness. It is still difficult to establish which element has a greater authority on the other, but it is apparent that a strong relationship between the two exists. Language and Autonomy Independence and freedom in decision making is what defines autonomy of an individual. Research has been conducted by various researchers that try to establish the relationship between autonomy and language. The aspect of language that focuses on this relationship is communication. Decision making is a critical process in any human being that requires a deep understanding which in turn

Saladin The Divine Plan Of God Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Saladin The Divine Plan Of God - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that the two armies met face to face and realizing the weakness of the Franks, Muslims had a hand to hand fight with the Franks (Lane-Poole 193). The thirst, burning sun and the smoke of the bush that Muslims had fired, made the Franks lose their sanity (Lane-Poole 194). In desperation to reach the lake for water, Franks neglected the combination with their knights and by doing so, lost their only chance to victory (Lane-Poole 194). The Saracens eventually attacked all of them and killed them and captured the rest (Lane-Poole 194). Many of the soldiers surrendered and even the knights begged Saladin to kill them instead of leaving them to live a torturous life (Lane-Poole 195). Also, it is believed that 30,000 Christians lost their lives in the battle, which is famously known as the battle of Hattin (Lane-Poole 198). This paper makes a conclusion that Saladin was one of the greatest Muslim warriors who unified the Muslim countries for the first time and br ought together all the Muslim armies and transformed them into one army. Saladin was successful in winning the Holy war against the crusaders and restoring the Muslim rule on the Holy Land. Among all of his achievements, the victory of battle of Hattin was one of his greatest, and it made clear that Saladin’s rule in Egypt and his conquest of the Holy Land was nothing less than the plan of God. Hence, it won’t be wrong to say that Saladin was not only the king of Egypt, but was also a hand of God. ... Shirkuh continued his service under Nur al-Din, who took over Aleppo (Lyons and Jackson 3). On the other hand, the troops of Damascus attacked and besieged Saladin’s father in Baalbek (Lyons and Jackson 3). Ayyub had no choice but to surrender on favourable terms as no help from force came to his rescue (Lyons and Jackson 3). Ayyub moved to Damascus with his family and started living there (Lyons and Jackson 3). However, in the year 1154, when Nur al-Din attacked the city, Ayyub helped him to victory by making the surrender of Damascus easy (Lyons and Jackson 3). Later, he joined Nur al-Din (Lyons and Jackson 3). It has been noted by the historians that as Saladin’s childhood was spent in Damascus, he was particularly fond of that place (Lyons and Jackson 3). Saladin’s childhood and character Saladin was highly educated human being and was more inclined towards studies than towards military achievements (Lyons and Jackson 3). It was observed that Saladin was not only good at academic subjects like arithmetic and law, but was also knowledgeable of the Quran and the cultural heritage of Arab traditions (Lyons and Jackson 3). Saladin had learnt the values, attitudes, emotions and essence of Arab by learning by heart the anthology of Arab poets called as ‘Hamasa’ (Lyons and Jackson 3). Saladin’s ambitions were very moderate as he never aimed for power or command (Lyons and Jackson 3). However, destiny had something else in store for Saladin. He was destined to enter Egypt and become its king. First expedition to Egypt It can be said that God had destined Saladin to become a king. It was in the year 1163 that the events that led Saladin to Egypt took place. Shawar, the deposed vizier of Egypt, arrived in Cairo to ask

I am Noticing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

I am Noticing - Essay Example I am noticing that the day has started for some of my neighbors as well. I can hear their gates opening up as they prepare to leave for work or go to school. The smell of bacon permeates the air as their front doors open to let them out.     I am noticing that most of my neighbors come out of their homes during the early morning hours dressed only in their robes as they take out the trash and pick up their daily newspaper delivery.I am noticing that some of my neighbors stop to chat with the other early risers who are now walking their dogs or jogging with their dogs running alongside them. They seem to be highly friendly with each other. Sharing a laugh now and then.I am noticing that the student planes from the nearby flying school start their classes quite early. The sun is barely up and already there are student planes flying overhead. You cannot miss them, the drone of their engines are the unique sounds that one can hear this early in the morning.I am noticing that my dog i s unusually active as well. She is barking really loudly as I sit here in the garden. It makes me wonder if the dog wishes to join me in my quest to observe my surroundings this morning.I am noticing that the sound of the cars on the highway are not as loud this morning. Perhaps the early morning weather has made the drivers too lazy to get out of bed. Whatever the reason, there does not seem to be a traffic pile up in the streets this morning.I am noticing that the children are starting to come out into the neighborhood street with their toys. Ready to play and have a good time while they still can. Their parents will call them back to the house soon, they need to get ready for school.I am noticing that my mother has also gotten out of bed. I can hear her moving about inside the house, she will want me to prepare her morning coffee soon. But for now, she sounds like she is watching the early morning news program on TV.