The Definition Of Health Management Essay

The Definition Of health counseling EsenunciateThis assignment is truly leave describe nearly the contradictory demand of speak to reduction program and the need to invest to enhance the standard of health, safety and environment (HSE) in the industry. This assignment consist of the definition of health, the definition of pencil eraser, the definition of environment, Professional Organization in Malaysia, monetary value Reduction, Profit, Discussion and excessively the Conclusion of this assignment.2.0 THE DEFINITION OF HEALTHHealth is the level of functional or metabolic efficiency of a living macrocosm. In humans, it is the general condition of a persons mind and body, usually meaning to be free fromillness,injuryorpain(as in good health or healthy). TheWorld Health Organization(WHO) defined health in its broader adept in 1946 as a state of complete physical, mental, and societal well-being and non merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Systematic activities to prevent or cure health problems and promote good health in humans argon undertaken byhealth care providers. Applications with regard to sensual health are covered by the veterinary sciences. The endpoint healthy is also widely used in the context of m any(prenominal) types of non-living organizations and their impacts for the realise of humans, such as in the sense ofhealthy communities,healthy citiesorhealthy environments. In addition to health care interventions and a persons surroundings, a number of other federal agents are cognise to influence the health status of individuals, including their hind endground, lifestyle, and economic and social conditions, these are referred to as determinants of health. Generally, the context in which an individual lives is of great importance for his health status and bore of life. It is increasingly recognized that health is of importtained and improved non only through the advancement and application ofhealth science, but also throug h the efforts and thinking(a)lifestylechoices of the individual and society. According to theWorld Health Organization, the main determinants of health include the social and economic environment, the physical environment, and the persons individual characteristics and behaviours.3.0 THE DEFINITION OF SAFETYSafetyis the state of being safe, the condition of being protected against physical, social, spiritual, financial, political, emotional, occupational, psychological, educational or other types or consequences of failure, damage,error,accidents,harmor any other event which could be considered non-desirable. Safety stick out also be defined to be the date of recognized hazards to achieve an acceptable level of risk. This throne take the form of being protected from the event or from moving-picture show to something that causes health or economical losses. It can include protection of people or of possessions.There are two slightly different meanings ofsafety. For example,home safety may indicate a buildings ability to protect against remote harm events (such as weather, home invasion, etc.), or may indicate that its internal installations (such as appliances, stairs, etc.) are safe (not dangerous or harmful) for its inhabitants. Safety is the condition of a steady state of an organization or indicate doing what it is supposed to do. What it is supposed to do is defined in terms of public codes and standards, associated architectural and engineering designs, corporate vision and mission statements, and operational plans and personnel policies. For any organization, place, or function, large or small, safety is a normative concept. It complies with situation-specific definitions of what is expected and acceptable. Security is the process or means, physical or human, of delaying, preventing, and otherwise protecting against external or internal, defects, dangers, loss, criminals, and other individuals or actions that threaten, hinder or destroy an organiz ations steady state, and deprive it of its intended purpose for being.Safety can be exceptional in relation to someguaranteeor a standard ofinsuranceto the tone and unharmful function of an object or organization. It is used in aim to undertake that the object or organization go away do only what it is meant to do. It is important to realize that safety is relative. Eliminating allrisk, if even possible, would be extremely difficult and very expensive. A safe situation is one where risks of injury or property damage are low and manageable.4.0 THE DEFINITION OF ENVIRONMENT4.1 Environment systemInscienceandengineering, asystemis the part of theuniversethat is being studied, piece of music theenvironmentis the remainder of the universe that lies outside the boundaries of the system. It is also realisen as thesurroundings, and inthermodynamics, as thereservoir. In some disciplines, such asinformation theory,informationmay also be exchanged. The environment is ignored in compend ium of the system, however in regards to these interactions. The Environmental systems are vital to the human race and to all living organisms. Without the systems in place and working, we would all cease to exist. Rivers and streams are an example, if the system of this were to not work, then the whole system would collapse.4.2 Environmental HealthEnvironmental healthis a branch ofpublic healthconcerned with all aspects of thenaturaland make environmentthat may affect humanhealth. Other phrases that concern or refer to the discipline of environmental health includeenvironmental public healthandenvironmental health and protection. The field of environmental health differs fromenvironmental sciencein that environmental health is concerned with environmental factors affecting human health whereas environmental science is concerned with the environment as it affects ecosystems. Environmental health addresses all the physical, chemical, and biological factors external to a person, and all the related factors impacting behaviours. It encompasses the assessment and control of those environmental factors that can potentially affect health. It is targeted towards preventing disease and creating health-supportive environments. This definition excludes behaviour not related to environment, as well as behaviour related to the social and ethnic environment, and genetics. Environmental health is defined by theWorld Health Organization. Those aspects of the human health and disease that are determined by factors in the environment. It also refers to the theory and practice of assessing and controlling factors in the environment that can potentially affect health. Environmental health as used by the WHO Regional spot for Europe, includes both the direct pathological effects of chemicals, radiation and some biological agents, and the effects (often indirect) on health and well being of the broad physical, psychological, social and cultural environment, which includes housi ng, urban development, land use and transport.4.3 Environmental Health ProfessionEnvironmental health practitioners may be known assanitarians,public health inspectors, environmental health specialists,environmental health officersor environmental health practitioners. In many European countries, physicians and veterinarians are involved in environmental health. In the coupled Kingdom, practitioners must ingest a graduate degree in environmental health and be certified and registered with the Chartered Institute of Environmental Health. In Canada, practitioners in environmental health are required to obtain an approved bachelors degree in environmental health along with the national professional certificate the enfranchisement in Public Health Inspection (Canada). Many states in theUnited Statesalso require that individuals have a bachelors degree and professionallicensesin order to practice environmental health.4.4 Disciplines of Environmental HealthThree basic disciplines gene rally contribute to the field of environmental health. The three disciplines of Environmental Health is environmental epidemiology, toxicology, and pic science. Each of these disciplines contributes different information to describe problems in environmental health, but there is some overlap among them.Environmental epidemiologystudies the relationship between environmental exposures (including exposure to chemicals, radiation, microbiological agents, etc.) and human health. Observational studies, which simply observe exposures that people have already experienced, are common in environmental epidemiology because humans cannot ethically be subject to agents that are known or suspected to cause disease. While the inability to use experimental study designs is a limitation of environmental epidemiology, this discipline outright observes effects on human health rather than estimating effects from sensual studies.Toxicologystudies how environmental exposures lead to specific health outcomes, generally in animals, as a means to understand possible health outcomes in humans. Toxicology has the advantage of being able to conduct randomized controlled trials and other experimental studies because they can use animal subjects. However there are many differences in animal and human biology, and there can be a lot of uncertainty when interpreting the results ofanimal studiesfor their implications for human health.Exposure sciencestudies human exposure to environmental contaminants by both identifying and quantifying exposures. Exposure science can be used to support environmental epidemiology by better describing environmental exposures that may lead to a particular health outcome, identify common exposures whose health outcomes may be better unsounded through a toxicology study, or can be used in a risk assessment to determine whether current levels of exposure might glide by recommended levels. Exposure science has the advantage of being able to very accurately q uantify exposures to specific chemicals, but it does not generate any information about health outcomes like environmental epidemiology or toxicology.Information from these three disciplines can be combined to conduct arisk assessmentfor specific chemicals or mixtures of chemicals to determine whether an exposure poses significant risk to human health.5.0 PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATION IN MALAYSIA1. Occupational Safety and Health Agency (OSHA)Occupational Safety and Health Agency OSHA is comprised of a diverse team of safety and flavour professionals whose expertise is focused on what the lodge does best. With technical expertise as diverse and abstruse as the sites and facilities of its clients, OSHA is strategically positioned to help the regulated community manage a wide range of technical and regulatory issues related to past, present and future operations.OSHA is high-and-mighty by the range and variety of professional disciplines it provides the advanced technical expertise of OSHA staff and professional contributions that OSHA has made to industry as well as the local community through meshing in a number of projects and events that have helped to raise public awareness related to safety, and quality concerns.OSHA has established long term-valued relationships with our clients, providing customized approaches to occupational injury and illness prevention. The OSHA organization work closely and discretely with clients to identify hazards and provide perspective on risk. OSHA can then correct deficiencies and improve performance at bottom an existing organizational framework.2. National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Malaysia is a company limited by guarantee owned by the Government of Malaysia. In the words of the Minister of Human Resources, Malaysia, NIOSH would be a critical catalyst in the furtherance of occupational safety and health that would also serve as the back bone to create a self-regulating occupational safety and health culture in Malaysia. NIOSH is committed to ensure a safe and healthy working environment to all employees and others involved in or affected by its operation fetching into account statutory requirement and relevant national and international standards and codes of practices. imposeation and effectiveness of this policy is a line management responsibility together with the participation and involvement of all employees and NIOSH will ensure that adequate resources, training and time are made available.Safety and Health management systems and programmes will be regularly reviewed to ensure continuous improvement.Humanistic approach will be adopted by NIOSH to promote a safe and healthy work culture which employer and employees helping the common responsibility of creating a better work environment for all.This policy will be monitored to ensure achievement of our objectives and reviewed in light of legislative or organ izational changes.6.0 COST REDUCTION be reductionis the process used by companies to reduce their courtsand increase theirprofits. Depending on a companys workor crossing, the strategies can vary. However, it is important to remember that any decision in the crossway development process affectscost. Companies typically launch a new carrefour without pore too much on cost. greet becomes more important when competition increases and price becomes a differentiator in the market. There are some(prenominal) types of main cost reduction strategies-Supplier consolidationComponent consolidationRe-source to low cost countriesRequest For QuotationsSupplier cost breakdown analysisFunction analysis / Value analysis / Value engineeringDesign For Manufacture / Design For AssemblyReverse costingCost driver analysisShould cost crossway benchmarkingDesign to costDesign workshops with suppliersCompetitor benchmarkingThere are rightcost reductiontechniques and there are wrong ones. Using the rig ht strategies will result in a more efficient company spending. Using the wrong techniques will create a reduction of expenses required to maintain product quality and company value. It is a fine line sometimes, but a systematic approach can help managers avoid making serious mistakes in the rush to cut expenses. Cost management strategies should be utilized as components of a larger objective to maintain maximum profitability. As such, cutting expenses will be just one part of a plan that focuses also on maximizing revenue. Effective techniques will begin with the setting of goals and objectives. There can be many reasons why a company might need to cut be.To create additional cash reservesTo reduce price of product or serviceTo bring expenses in line with revenuesTo eliminate unnecessary expenses or wasteful spendingTo increase company valueTo increase private-enterprise(a) advantageTo move costs between departmentsIdentifying the goal of the expense reduction exercise will assi st with implementation of an effective plan. In other words, if you dont know why you are cutting costs, how are you going to know where to cut costs? The purpose of expense reduction is to help the company towards long term survival. Purposes of expense reduction includeCreate cash for reinvest in research and development deoxidize manufacturing costs to stay competitiveReduce costs as a non profit so able to serve more peopleLower costs of service in order to provide additional servicesTo become more efficientTo prevent employee lay-offsTo prevent reduction in employee benefitsCost reduction techniques should also be evaluated in terms of impact on the organization. Prioritizing the goals of the cost cutting program will insure that the strategies are implemented appropriately. There are many different ways a company can institute a plan to reduce expenses.Across the board reductionsPrioritized reductionsDepartmental reductionsReductions based on professional assessmentCost reduct ion techniques can be an important strategy for other reason. They can teach a company to be economical, by forcing a regular review of spending at both level of the organization. It can keep a company vital and streamlined.The Alternate Considered Cost Reduction IdeasWhen seeking to reduce its expenditures on goods and services, the first thought in many organizations is Lets find cheaper suppliers. But in many cases, sourcing for new suppliers are every not practical or its a suboptimal alternative.Fortunately, there are several ideas for achieving cost reductions without switching suppliers.Ask You May Receive Ask your suppliers if they have cost savings ideas. You never know when the answer may surprise you. gathering According to Patton, Aggregation is any effort that makes the subverters requirements more attractive to the seller by bundling those requirements with the volume of other buyers. This can be internal crossways business units or geographies or external with ot her companies. For external bundling, you can build your own consortium or join an existing group purchasing organization.Spec Rationalization Spec Rationalization involves looking at the goods and services you buy and determining smarter ways to specify them. Patton shares an example from previous employment We discover that we had between 80 and 100 different specifications across the company worldwide for water. No reasonable person in Purchasing or Engineering is gonna say that we really need that many specs for water.Leveraging The Supply fibril In this technique, youre looking at suppliers suppliers, one or two steps back in the supply chain, Patton explains. Sometimes, the biggest cost component in the equation is really out of your own immediate suppliers direct control. Patton recommends working to identify situations where several of your suppliers buy the same material towards what they make for you and then leveraging that combined demand to drive cost reductions from lower tier suppliers.7.0 PROFITA financial benefit that is realized when the amount of revenue gained from a business activity exceeds the expenses, costs and taxes needed to sustain the activity. Any profit that is gained goes to the businesss owners, who may or may not decide to spend it on the business. Calculated asProfit = Total Revenue Total ExpensesProfit is the money a business makes after account for all the expenses. Regardless of whether the business is a couple of kids running a lemonade stand or a publicly traded multinational company, consistently earning profit is every companys goal.7.1 Economic ProfitIn neoclassicalmicroeconomictheory, the termprofithas two related but distinct meanings.Normal profitrepresents the number probability costsof a venture to an investor, whereaseconomic profitis, at least in theneoclassical microeconomic theorywhich dominates modern economics, the difference between afirms totalrevenueand all costs (including normal profit). A related concept, sometimes considered synonymous in certain contexts, is that ofeconomic rent. Other types of profit have been referenced, includingsocial profit(related toexternalities). It is not to be confused withprofit in finance and accounting, which is equal to revenue minus only explicit costs and extremely profit. Profit is not synonymous with the concepts of profitability and theprofit motive.7.2 Normal ProfitNormalprofit is a component of (implicit) costs and so not a component of business profit at all. It represents the opportunity cost for enterprise, since the time that the owner spends running the firm could be spent on running another firm. The enterprise component of normal profit is thus the profit that a business owner considers necessary to make running the business worth his while for example it is comparable to the next best amount the entrepreneur could earn doing another job. Particularly if enterprise is not included as afactor of production, it can also be viewed a return to capital for investors including the entrepreneur, equivalent to the return the capital owner could have expected (in a safe investment), add-on compensation for risk. In other words, the cost of normal profit varies both within and across industries it is commensurate with the riskiness associated with each type of investment, as per the risk-return spectrum. unless normal profits arise in circumstances ofperfect competitionwhen long runeconomic equilibriumis reached there is no incentive for firms to either enter or leave the industry.8.0 DISCUSSION1. Cost Reductionby DesignHow to Reduce Product Cost by DesignPractice synchronous Engineeringwith early and active participation of manufacturing, purchasing, vendors, etc. put onDesign for Manufacturability( DFM ),Design for Lean, andDesign for QualityFor dramatic cost reduction half cost to order-of-magnitudeoptimize the concept/architecture phaseTo convert ideas, research or prototypes into viable products, use commerc ialization techniques to ensure successActivities verificatory to Low Cost Product DevelopmentCo-locating Engineering with Manufacturingensures the best teamwork avoid distantoff shoringIf outsourcing, choose local vendors which ensures early and active vendor participation in product development teamsPre-select Vendor/Partnerswho will help develop products, avoid low-bidding so that vendors will help with designImplement calibrationand good product portfolio planning for the best focusTotal cost measurementsto quantify all costs affected by designCorrectingCounterproductive Policies.New ventures and start-ups will be able to implement these principles right away. Established companies may have to first correctcounterproductive policies, by prioritizing portfolio planning, scrutinizing high-overhead sales, emphasizing thorough up-front work, quantifying all costs, and avoiding time-draining attempts toreduce cost after design, going for thelow-bidder, ormoving production offshore. See fullarticle on counterproductive policies.2.Lean ProductionCost ReductionHow to Reduce Manufacturing CostImplement Lean ProductionActivities corroborative to Lean ProductionDesign product families for lean productionConcurrently Engineer flexible processesImplementstandardization to enabledock-to-line distributionRationalize products to eliminate the most ridiculous products with the most unusual parts and processesTotal cost measurements to quantify all costs related to manufacturingKeep control of manufacturing in house or with vendor/partners.3.OverheadCost ReductionHow to Reduce Overhead CostImplementBuild-to-Orderand potful Customizationto build products on-demand without forecasts or inventoryActivities Supportive to Build-to-Order Mass CustomizationImplementlean productionRationalize productsTotal cost measurementsto quantify overhead costs4.normalizationCost ReductionHow to Reduce Cost with StandardizationImplement Standardizationwith a practical procedure has been de veloped to standardize part and materials for new designsActivities Supportive to StandardizationRationalize productsto eliminate or outsource the most unusual products that have the most unusual parts and materialsTotal cost measurementsto justify standardization efforts and win picking standard parts5.Product Line RationalizationCost ReductionHow to Reduce Cost with Product Line RationalizationImplement Product Line Rationalizationto eliminate or outsource low-profit products that have high overhead demands and are not compatible with cost reduction strategiesActivities Supportive to Product Line RationalizationProduct Portfolio Planning focuses new product developmentTotal cost measurementsto identify opportunities and supports rationalization decisions6.Supply Chain ManagementCost ReductionHow to Reduce Cost in Supply Chain ManagementDesign products around standard partsto simplify Supply Chain ManagementStandardize partsto focus Supply Chain Management on high-volume, easy to get partsRationalize away the most unusual productswhich have the most usual, hardest-to-get partsEstablish Vendor/Partnerships, which saves more money thanlow-biddingActivities Supportive to Supply Chain Cost ReductionTotal cost measurementsto encourage and justify standardization and rationalizationDont merge acquired products into the same plant or build others products7.Quality CostReductionHow to Reduce the Cost of QualityEliminating quality costs starts withdesigning in qualityRationalizing away unusual productsraises net factory quality and avoids wasting quality resources on inherently lower quality productsActivities Supportive to Quality Cost ReductionTotal cost measurements to quantify the Cost of Quality8.Total CostMeasurement to Support All Cost Reduction ActivitiesHow to Reduce Cost with Total Cost MeasurementsImplement total cost measurementwith the easy-to-implementcost driverapproachActivities Supportive to Total Cost MeasurementsUntil total cost can be quantified, everyone must make decisions based ontotal cost thinkingSenior management understands the importance of quantifying total cost, implements total cost measurements, and encourages all cost decisions to be made on basis of total cost9.0 CONCLUSIONAs conclusion we can utter that, the objectives of this assignment have been achieved which is to understand how to be cost effective but yet meeting the ever increasing HSE requirement. The conclusion is made due to what I have done about this assignment, describe properly about the problem required in this assignment. Cost becomes more important when competition increases and price becomes a differentiator in the market. Identifying the goal of the expense reduction exercise will assist with implementation of an effective plan. The purpose of expense reduction is to help the company towards long term survival.10.0 REFERENCES1 http//mydiposh.wordpress.com/tag/niosh-malaysia/2 http//www.niosh.com.my/en/3 http//www.pwc.com/gx/en/cost-reductio n/index.jhtml4 http//www.the-cost-reduction-consultant.com/CostReduction.html5 http//www.nextlevelpurchasing.com/articles/cost-reduction-ideas.html?gclid6 http//www.halfcostproducts.com/